rhinocyllus conicus larvae

Jessep, C.T. CURCULIONOIDEA Latreille, 1802 . Larvae develop in the flower head and consume the seed as it develops. A head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus Froel., Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was selected for introduction into Canada and the United States for biological control of Carduus species (2, 3, 4, 10). Presence of the exotic weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich) at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado Western North American Naturalist , Dec 2014 Julia J. Hicks , Susan W. Beatty , … horridus on Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ... conicus adults developed from T. horridus-infested thistles. 1978), Nebraska (McCarty and Lamp 1982), Kentucky (Townsend et al. Rhinocyllus conicus has been widely used as a biocontrol agent of musk thistle in the USA (Surles et al., 1974, Kok and Surles, ... After 6–8 days, the eggs hatch and the larvae emerge and feed on the receptacle tissue, preventing seed formation. Eggs hatch in 6 to 9 days and newly hatched larvae feed through the bracts into the receptacle. The rostrum is very short. Larvae of R. conicus completed development in heads of the native species C. carolinianum (Walter) Fernald and Schubert. thistles in North America suggests at least 8 lessons for future biological control efforts. INTRODUCTION Thistles in the genus Carduus have been the target of classical biological control programs in several coun-tries, including Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States (3). Thistles which reproduce only via seed, such as musk thistle, are controlled well by this weevil and its seed head destroying larvae. Herbicidal effect on Rhinocyllus conicus Froet., a thistle head weevil, was studied by examining the mortality, emergence rates and weights of weevils Thank you. Description . May, B.M. Curculio conicus Froelich, 1792; Curculio thaumaturgus Rossi, 1794; References . Musk thistles that were infested with lower densities of T. horridus larvae (<20 per plant) also produced multiple stems that were usually shorter than uninfested thistles. 6 nutans (Harris 2005), however, six weevil larvae in one C. vinaceum flower head was the largest number found at Silver Springs (Sivinski 2007). collected in south-eastern Italy were released in See Canyon, California, in 1973 for the biological control of Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus). The weevils can reduce seed production by near-ly 80%, but they are attracted more to earlier blooming rather than later blooming flowers. (Col.: Curculionidae) larvae feeding within the capitula of Carduus thistles may reduce production of viable seeds. It is by Kansas Department of Agriculture . RHINOCYLLINI Lacordaire, 1863. Length: 4 to 7 mm. Establishment and Efficacy of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Controlling Carduus nutans L. In North Carolina R. C. McDonald and A. O. Robbing Musk thistle, Cardmis nutans L., has become a serious weed pest in North Carolina since its accidental introduction in contaminated hay from the Midwest during drought periods in the late 1980's. CURCULIONIDAE Latreille, 1802. LIXINAE Schönherr, 1823. In 25–30 days, the larvae pupate and the pupae develop into adults in 8–14 days. Adults do some damage as well when they feed on the foliage. The adult weevil is black and covered in a thin black and yellowish mottled coat of hairs. Rhinocyllus conicus is a species of true weevil. Rhinocyllus conicus- Insights to Improve Predictability and Minimize Risk of Biological Control of Weeds S. M. LOUDA School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA Abstract A review of information on the release of Rhinocyllus conicusto control of Carduus spp. Thirty Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus) plants produced a total of 7735 (mean 285) flower heads, which potentially contained about 25 000 seeds, from mid-April to late August 1980, at See Canyon, San Luis Obispo County, California, the initial colonization site where Rhinocyllus conicus was introduced for the control of the weed. Some larvae tunnel through the upper stem instead of chambering in a flower head; this can also be destructive to the plant. Abstract Rhinocyllus conicus is a flowerhead weevil deliberately introduced into the USA for the biological control of invasive exotic thistles in the genus Carduus.This study documents the course and magnitude of the weevil population expansion onto nontarget host plants. Rhinocyllus conicus was initially released and established in Virginia in 1969 where it successfully controlled musk thistle after six years (Kok and Surles 1974). Additional index words: Biological control. This weevil was introduced into Kansas by the Department of Agriculture to aid in the control of musk thistle. Proceedings of the 28th N.Z. The weevil Rhinocyllus conicus Froeh., introduced to control exotic thistles, has exhibited an increase in host range as well as continuing geographic expansion. They are lovely little Weevils and are about 4-7mm in length. Establishment in NewZealand of all three biocontrol agents is well documented (Jessep 1975,1989b;Harmanetal.1996;Hayes2007). The effect of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, on Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich in a musk thistle, Carduus nutans L., biological c INTRODUCTION Thistles in the genus Carduus hav e been the target of classical biological control programs in several coun­ tries, including Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States (3). Some larvae tunnel through the upper stem instead of chambering in a flower head; this can also be destructive to the plant. Thistles which reproduce only via seed, such as musk thistle, are controlled well by this weevil and its seed head destroying larvae. and C. horridulum Michaux, and significant reductions in seed numbers of both species occurred during 2008. 1993: Larvae of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera): a systematic overview. 1975: Introduction of a weevil for biological control of nodding thistle. Between 1992 and 1996, the frequency of weevil damage to native thistles consistently increased, reaching 16 to 77 percent of flowerheads per plant. Few data exist on the environmental risks of biological control. Rhinocyllus conicus on native species in the northcentral USAprovides the opportunity to experimentally evaluate factors that might help predict non-target host plant use, magni- tude of direct impact with transference, and indirect effects mediated by trophic interac-tions. Identification difficulty. Rhinocyllus conicus is a species of true weevil.It is best known as a controversial agent of biological pest control which has been used against noxious thistles in the genera Carduus, Cirsium, Onopordum, and Silybum.. … Rhinocyllus conicus Rhinocyllus conicus Species; Additional images; Click here to support NatureSpot by making a donation - small or large - your gift is very much appreciated. The late season flowers produce seeds with Rhinocyllus conicus (Froehlich) tribe,(Coleoptera: Curcu-lionoidae), nodding (musk) thistle receptacle weevil, is (Paynter known to attack different athistle species but displays a clear preference for nodding thistle, Carduus nutans L. (Zwölfer asand Harris, 1984). Abstract. Image 5512294 is of musk thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus ) adult(s). Abstract. Rhinocyllus conicus (Frölich, 1792) Suborder: Superfamily: Family: Subfamily: Tribe: Genus: POLYPHAGA Emery, 1886. Rhinocyllus conicus Froel. We examined the presence of the exotic weevil Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich on native thistles at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Includes mostly rare and very local species, only Larinus carlinae and Rhinocyllus conicus being widespread in the south. The effect of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, on Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich in a musk thistle, Carduus nutans L., biological control program was evaluated in laboratory and field trials in pastures in middle Georgia in 1999 and 2000. The adults overwinter on the ground in litter and can be found in the spring on musk thistle heads, where they lay their eggs. one or more weevil larvae live in the receptacle, feeding on callus tissue that is induced by their activities; according to Redfern & Shirley the receptacle also sclerifies. Rhinocyllus conicus larvae often co-occur with maggots of P. gentilis and compete with the native fly for the food resource in flower heads of C. vinaceum. Rhinocyllus conicus (Frölich, 1792) on Carduus, Centaurea, Cirsium gall. Cirsium vinaceum flower head with three Rhinocyllus conicus egg sites. Weed and Pest Control Conference: 205–206. Each female lays about 100 to 200 eggs on the bracts of thistle heads. A black weevil with a tessellated pattern of pale pubescence on the elytra. They are associated with Thistles, the larvae develop in the flower heads. I found a few of these Short-snouted Weevils on Wilford Bridge on Monday, this I think is Rhinocyllus conicus. Habitat. Adult Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich on a thistle Photo by: Julia Hicks Figure 2. Adult R. conicus are dark brown in color and 10 to 15 mm long. The weevil also has become established in Missouri (Puttier et al. Additional index words: Biological control. lus conicus, was introduced from Eurasia to control musk thistle by reducing seed pro-duction. Developing larvae feed on the receptacle and the young seeds, reduc-ing or preventing the production of viable seeds. RHINOCYLLUS Germar, 1817. By feeding on re-ceptacle tissue, its larvae prevent development of some or … us, overall, the strategies of the herbivores in this fl oral guild are Adults do some damage as well when they feed on the foliage. Field data on the incidence and increase of this weevil at this colonisation site are presented. They are supposed to be a Southern species, but it appears they are heading North. structural damage by rhinocyllus conicus (coleoptera: curculionidae) within the flowerheads of nodding thistle - volume 116 issue 10 - j. d. shorthouse, r. g. lalonde 1984; Kelly et al. We tested whether the distribution of R. conicus was related to elevation by performing 2 separate studies. Pupation in the receptacle. Rhinocyllus conicus Froel. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich, 1792) Synonyms . Of our five species of Lixus, four are probably extinct while the recently discovered L. scabricollis has spread rapidly around the coasts of England and Wales. Rhinocyllus conicus is a species of true weevil. musk thistle seed production. Distribution of Rhinocyllus conicus in Rocky Mountain National Park Figure 4. However, it was suspected that the phenology of the two seed predators issuchthattheyco-occuratacriticaltimefor U.solstitialis,whichcouldlimitthefly’sability tobuilduphighpopulations. Area studied for presence of Rhinocyllus conicus Figure 3. Adults of Rhinocyllus conicus (Froel.) The larvae of R. conicus feed in the receptacles and thereby prevent the production of viable seeds, with each larva destroying approximately 28 seeds (Popay et al. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froehlich) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Rhinocyllus conicus Froel. Selected survey tracks in the study area showing where weevils we were present and absent from thistle habitats Figure 5. 1990). Rhinocyllus conicus has the greatest temporal overlap with the dominant tephritid fl y Paracantha culta (Louda 1998). 80 %, but it appears they are supposed to be a Southern,! It appears they are heading North Kansas by the Department of Agriculture to aid in the flower heads reductions! 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